Hydrosols of Tapinanthus bangwensis (Engl. L.K. Krause) Grown on Azadirachta indica and Vitex doniana: Chemical Composition, Cytotoxicity and Anticancer Potentials

Hydrosols (HDs) are obtained from remnant water which is usually truncated after extraction of essential oils from plants by hydrodistillation. Tapinanthus bangwensis is used for the treatment of cancer, diabetes and hypertension in Nigeria. This research aimed at comparing the chemical composition, cytotoxicity and anticancer potentials of T. bangwensis grown on two different hosts. The hydrosols were obtained by partitioning the remnant water of hydrodistillation of dried leaves of the T. bangwensis into chloroform. Chemical composition of the HDs was determined by Gas-Chromatography (GC-MS). Toxicity potentials of the HDs were determined using brine shrimp lethality assay. Anticancer activities of the HDs were determined against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line using MTT assays. The results of toxicity potentials and anticancer activities were analysed using descriptive statistics alongside appropriate inferential statistical analyses. The hydrosols of T. bangwensis grown on Azadirachta indica and Vitex doniana are colourless with yields of 0.22% and 0.16% (v/v) respectively. A total of seventeen (17) compounds were identified in the hydrosol of T. bangwensis grown on Azadirchta indica representing while a total of fourteen (14) compounds were identified in the hydrosol of T. bangwensis grown on Vitex doniana with nine (9) compounds common to the two hydrosols. The hydrosols are dominated by non-terpene hydrocarbons. The hydrosols of T. bangwensis grown on Azadirchta indica is dominated by Nonacos-1-ene (23.0%), E-15-Heptadecenal (13.77%), (Z)-7-Hexadecene (12.87%), 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (10.63), (Z)-7-Tetradecene (9.14%) while Nonacos-1-ene (19.72%), (Z)-7-Hexadecene (15.25%), (Z)-7-Tetradecene (14.63%), 1-Heneicosanol (13.86%) and Cetylalcohol (10.04%) dominated the hydrosol of Tapinanthus bangwensis grown on Vitex doniana. The hydrosols were not toxic - T. bangwensis grown on Azadirchta indica (LC50=2995.024 ppm) and T. bangwensis grown on Vitex doniana (LC50=6672.169 ppm) - and showed promising anticancer activities- T. bangwensis grown on Azadirchata indica (IC50=230.2357 L/ml) and T. bangwensis grown on Vitex doniana (IC50=46.4753 L/ml) -against MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line. The hydrosols are reservoirs of biologically active compounds that could be explored in chemo-aromatherapy for cancer treatment.

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